Advanced Methods for Ion Selectivity Measurement in Nanofluidic Devices

Nanofluidic devices with specific ion selectivity have shown great potential in efficient separation, biosensing, and energy conversion technologies. Advances analytical techniques enabled quantitative measurement of the nanofluidics’ understanding selection mechanisms. This review gives a brief overview recent progress fabrication single-channel multichannel nanofluidic functionalities based on nanopores, nanochannels, nanotubes, nanopipettes, nanoslits. Then advanced experimental methods (i.e., drift-diffusion experiments, charged molecular diffusion permeation electrodialysis, current/conductance/conductivity measurements, pyranine assays) theories Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz model calculation equations) for investigating cation/anion, mono/divalent-ion, single-ion selectivities are summarized. Finally, challenges that need to be addressed this research field perspective sub-nanofluidic discussed.